Layer 2 Scaling Solutions

What you’ll learn

• •A Layer 2 network processes transactions more cheaply and quickly while relying on its Layer 1 for final security and settlement.
• •'Rollups' are Ethereum's dominant Layer 2 approach, bundling many transactions into a compressed batch posted back to Layer 1.
• •Optimistic rollups assume validity with a challenge period; ZK-rollups prove validity upfront with cryptographic proofs.
• •Users experience Layer 2s similarly to Ethereum directly, but with meaningfully lower fees.
• •'Bridging' moves assets between Layer 1 and Layer 2, and bridges have historically been a frequent, high-value target for hacks.
• •Layer 2 scaling ties together this week's whole picture: the EVM, gas, smart contracts, dApps, tokens, and Proof of Stake all feed into why and how the network scales.